InterComm langage de communication Ce fichier se voit mieux et beaucoup plus vite avec Lynx©.

© Guillaume Reuil 2000 - updated 22/07/05, all rights reserved, no copying, storage or transmission by any means or medium whatsoever, is permitted without the prior written permission of the author and copyright-holder Guillaume Reuil (InterComm). This will perhaps reduce the number of copies which lack later additions and amendments, and encourage the extension and improvement of the list.

emailed ameliorations welcomed at fresiten (disguised address to foil junkmail distributors) @yahoo.fr

Within the following, "#" means "dissimilar to". A phrase between two "#"s is one which might suggest itself, but which has no currency.
Of phrases and words separated by "/" between "<" and ">" only one is to be used. Of phrases and words separated by "/" between "[" and "]" only one may be used.

Emboldening indicates stress. Capitalised characters are pronounced in a manner approximating to that in which the English names of those characters are pronounced.

"*" indicates the inapplicability within the following word, of the general rule that the first vowel of, ` vowel + one consonant + "e" or "i" ' is pronounced as is the name of that vowel.

A "-" precedes words related to the verb.

"s.o." represents "someone", "s.t." represents "something".

apply for <s.t./it> = solicit <s.t./it> - applicAtion / applicability
arrIve at <plAce/conclUsion> = rEach <plAce/conclUsion> - arrIval
ask after s.o. = enquIre regarding s.o. - enquIry (inquiryUSA) (# enquIryGB)
ask for <s.t/it> = request <s.t/it> - request
ask that <s.t./it> be .. = request that <s.t./it> be ..
bE Able to <verb.inf.> = can - (c.f. cApable of)
bE after <s.o.> = pursUe <s.o.> - pursUe it - pursuit
bE alIve with <people etc> = swarm with <people / etc>
bE aslEEp (int.) = slEEp = slumber
bE at *one with s.o. = totally agree with s.o. - agrEEment (# agrEEable)
bE cApable of ..ing = be able, and unrestrAined from (c.f. able)
bE done in (int.col.) = be <exhausted # dead> (person) - exhaustion / exhaustible
bE hard at <it = work> = work hard - workable
bE sad at <s.t./it> = be saddened by <s.t./it> = regret <s.t./it>
bE up to s.o. to do <s.t./it> = to exist an opportUnity or obligAtion for s.o.to do s.t., fall to s.o. to do <s.t./it>
bE up to s.t. = be capable of s.t.
bE up to something = be acting clandestinely
bE similar to <s.t./s.o.> = resemble <s.t./s.o.> - resemblance
bear with s.o. = pAtiently accommodate oneself to the difficulties they are expEriencing
blow [s.t./it] up = blow up s.t. = ([faire] sauter q'c.FR) - explOsion / explOsive
blow <s.t./it> up = blow up s.t. = enlarge = (agrandirFR) enlargement (photog.)
blow <s.t./it> up = blow up s.t. = inflAte (= gonflerFR) (=hincharES) - inflAtion / inflAtable
*have a bOne to pick with s.o. = desIre to discuss with another, *some action of his of which one is critical
breAk down (int) = collapse (interaction) / fail (*machine) - fAilure / fallible
breAk into a s.t. = change to a different mode of the function one is performing. (when walking, start to run; talking, start to sing etc)
breAk into <s.t./it> = burgle (night) - burglary
breAk into <s.t./it> = housebreak (day)
breAk into <s.t/it> = interrupt <s.t/it> (speech) - interruption / interruptible
breAk in on <s.t./it> = <interrupt / irrupt on> <s.t./it> (mEeting/conversAtion) - irruption / interruptible
breAk in s.t. = break <s.t./it> in = mAke agrEeable by *Usage (= faire que les chaussures deviennent confortable en marchant # dompterFR)
breAk off [activity] = break it off = pause / <interrupt one's speech / s.t.>
bring <it/s.t.> out = bring out <it/s.t.> = revEal and draw attention to <it/s.t.>
bring <it/s.t.> out = bring out <it/s.t.> = introdUce <it/s.t.>
bring to light s.t. = bring <it/s.t.> to light = revEal <it/s.t.>
bring <it/s.t.> into the open = make <it/s.t.> public (discussion etc)
bring <it/s.t.> to a close = progressively end <it/s.t.>
bring forward <s.t./s.o.> = bring <it/s.t./s.o.> forward = advance <s.t./s.o.>
bring forth <s.t/> = bring <s.t/it> forth = bear <s.t/it> (child = offspring / fruit / crop)
bring s.o. around to s.t. (an opinion) = prOgressively *convi s.o. of s.t.
bring up <s.t./s.o.> = bring <s.t./s.o./it> up = rAise <child / subject>
buy a pig in a pOke = purchase or accept responsibility for something, without knowledge of it
call on s.o. = visit s.o. - a visit
care for s.o. = nurse s.o. (in the sense of curareIT)
care for <it/them/s.o./s.t.> = lIke <it/them/s.o./s.t.> - lIkeable
carry out s.t. / carry <it/s.t.> out = <execUte = perform> <it/s.t.> (task / exploit) - execUtion / executive # eploit
carry on! = continUe! - continUAtion / continual /continuous
carry on <with it / doing s.t./..ing> = continUe <it/doing s.t./..ing>
chAse up s.t. = chase <it/s.t.> up = expedIte <it/s.t.> - expedItion / # expEdient (# expend)
chop down s.t. = chop <s.t./it> down = fell (fell/felled/felled), (tree)
clear up s.t. = clear <it/s.t.> up = <fully clarify / resolve> <it/s.t.> - clarification
be under a cloud = be suspected of, or blamed for a misdEed
*come about = occur
*come across <it/s.t.> = find <it/s.t.> by accident (come,came,come)
*come around to [thinking that] s.t. (an opinion) = prOgressively change to a different opinion
*come into s.t. = inherit s.t. (money / a fortune) - inheritance
*come into <s.t/it> = enter <s.t/it> (when speaker is inside) - entrance (# entrance (v)
*come into <s.t/it> = be relevant to <s.t/it> = relAte to <s.t/it> (question # decision)
*come off (int.) = succEed - success
*come on (int.) = advance - advance / advancement
*come out of <s.t/it> = lEave from within <s.t/it> (building etc)
*come out of <s.t/it> = result from <s.t./it>
*come out from behind <s.t/it> = leave *cover (bush / building etc.)
*come to terms with <s.t./it> = <resIgn / accommodate> oneself to <s.t./it>
*come up (int.) = arise (difficulty or other matter)
*come up with <s.t/it> = originAte <s.t/it> - origin / originAtion
*come with s.o. = accompany s.o. (*here)
*come out of s.t. = exit s.t.
cool down = *become cool
cool down [s.t.] = cool [s.t./it] down = cool [s.t./it]
could do with <s.t/it> = want <s.t/it> - want (n./v.) / desIrable
could do with <s.t/it> = would be *improved by <s.t/it> - improvement
cut down on <s.t/it> = redUce consumption of <s.t/it> - reduction / redUcible
cut up s.t. = cut <s.t/it> up = cut <s.t/it> into piEces
dEal with <it/s.t./s.o> = trEat <it/s.t./s.o> - trEatment
die down (intrans.) = abAte (storm/wind/fire) - abAtement
dish out * = distribUte
dish up * = serve (food)
do away with <s.t./it> = cancel <s.t./it> (cause to be ineffective) - cancel / cancellAtion
do <s.o/them> in (col)= exhaust <s.o/them> - exhaustion / exhaustible
do in <it/s.o./s.t./them> = do <it/s.o./s.t./them> in (col) = kill <s.o/them> / destroy <it/s.t.> - destruction
do out <s.t.> = do <it/s.t.> out = <[re]decorAte / enhance (appEarance of) <it/s.t.>> - decorAtion - enhancement
do <it/s.t.> over = lightly refurbish <it/s.t.>
do <action/it> Over (USA) = do <action/it> agAin (GB) = repEat <action/it
do s.o. Over = assault s.o.
do up <s.t.> = do <it/s.t.> up = refurbish <it/s.t.> - refurbishment
do up <s.t.> = do <it/s.t.> up / fasten # tIghten <it/s.t.> (nut/bolt/screw)
do s.o. down = <tAke unfair advantage of / chEat> <s.o.>
do without <s.t/it> = foregO <s.t/it>
drIve awAy s.t. = drIve it awAy = (1)cause it to be reluctant to remAin, and to prefer to depart by its own effort (2) drIve a vehicle to some unIdentifIed other plAce
drIve off s.t. = drIve <s.t./it> off = (1)cause it to remain outsIde the *immEdiate area (2) drIve a vEhicle to some unidentifIed other plAce outsIde the *immEdiate area
drop by = mAke a casual visit
drop in [on s.o.] = visit [s.o.] casually
Eat one's words = retract a stAtement which has proved to be false
end up [at a locality / in a condition] = terminate [at / as]
fAce up to <it/s.t./s.o.> = (faire face …FR) <recognise (unfAvourable fact)/confront> <it/s.t./s.o.> - recognition / recognIsable / confrontation
fall back (int.) = retrEat - (retrEat (n.) = plAce of voluntary Isolation) (fall,fell,fell)
fall back on <it/s.t./s.o.> = have recourse to <it/s.t./s.o.>
fall down (int.) = fall - fall (n.) # fallible
fall down (int.) = fail (logical argUment) / collapse (building) - fAilure / fallible
find out <s.t.> = find <s.t/it> out = *discover <s.t./it> = (se renseigner sur q'c.FR) *discovery / *discoverable
finish up [at a locality / in a condition] = terminAte <[at / as] ..>
flog a dead horse = put effort into an action which is bound to fail
fork out [s.t.] [for <s.t./it> = pay excessively [for s.t.]
get about = circUlate (int) - circUlAtion
get awAy [from <it/s.t./s.o.>] = escApe [it/s.t./s.o.] = (fuirFR) - escApe /escApable
get back <int.> = retrEat / return
get back <s.t.> = get <s.t/it> back = *recover <s.t/it> *recovery / recoverable
get better (int.) = *improve # hEal (wound) # amEliorate (illness "he <is recovering / has recovered> from ..")
get [s.t/it] <cold >= cool> = <chill >= cool>[s.t/it]
get down [s.t] = get [s.t/it] down = bring [s.t/it] from *above (lOwer / unhook etc) - (bring, brought,brought)
get down [from <s.t/it>] = alight [from <s.t./it>] (tall vehicle)
get down [[from] <s.t./it>] = descend [[from] <s.t./it>] (roof / hill) - descent
get <it/s.t.> hot = hEat <it/s.t.>]
get in the way of <it/s.t./s.o./action> = get in <s.t.'s /s.o.'s /it's> way = encumber <it/s.t./s.o./action>
get into <s.t./it> = commence <s.t./it> (new occupAtion / activity) - commencement
get into <s.t./it> = enter <s.t./it> - entrance (# entrance (pron. # entrarnce#) = fascinAte)
get off [[of] <s.t./it>] = alight [from <s.t./it>] (vehicle)
get <on=along> with s.o. = amicably relAte with another, with mUtual regard
get out <s.t.> = get <s.t./it> out = extract <s.t./it> - extraction (n) / extract (n)
get out [of <s.t./it>] (int.) = alIght [from <s.t./it>] ([partially] enclOsed vEhicle)
get out [of <s.w./s.t./it>] (int.) = exit from <s.w./s.t./it> (plAce /building /situAtion)
get [s.o.] out of <s.t./it> = [enAble s.o. else to] avoid <s.t./it> (lIability/dUty/culpability) - avoidance / avoidable
get ready (pron."reddi") [to do <s.t./it>] = *prepare [to do <s.t./it>]
get up (intrans.) = arIse (from bed) - (arise, arose, arisen)
get up <it/s.t.> = <ascend / clImb> <it/s.t.> ascension
get up s.t. = get <s.t./it> up = organise (festival, exhibition etc)
gild the lily = unnecessarily enhance the attractiveness of s.t.
*give [s.o.] a hand [with s.t.] = help [s.o.] [with s.t.] - (*give,gAve,*given)
*give back s.t. [to s.o] = give [s.o.] back s.t. = give <it/s.t.> back [to s.o] = return <s.t./it> [to s.o.] - return / returnable
*give in [to pressure] = <submit / concEde [defEat]> - submission / concession
*give in <s.t.> = give <it/s.t.> in = submit <it/s.t.> - submission / submissible
*give [it] out that <stAtement> = broadcast <statement> - broadcast
*give out (intrans.) = fail (supplIes / *machine) - fAilure / fallible
*give out <items> = give <them/items> out = distribute <them/items> - distribUtion
*give round <items> = give <them/items> round = distrIbute <them/items> in turn - distribUtion
*give up <s.t> = give <s.t/it> up = <abandon # relinquish # renounce> <s.t/it> - abandonment - renunciation
*give up [+ ing] = cEase [+ ing] - cessation
*give way to <s.o./s.t/it> = give precedence to <s.o./s.t/it> / cEde to<s.o./s.t/it>
gO back on <s.t./it> = revOke <s.t./it> revOcation
gO by <it/s.o> = pass <it/s.o> - *passage
gO down (int.) = diminish in intensity - diminUtion
gO down [it/s.t.] = descend [it/s.t.] - descent
gO in for <s.t./it> = *practise <s.t./it> - *practice(n.) / practicable (USA *practice = n.+ v.)
gO into <s.t/it> = enter <s.t/it> (when spEaker is outsIde) entrance
gO into <s.t/it> [with s.o.] = discuss <s.t/it>
gO off (int.) = depart # explOde - departure # explOsion / explosive
gO on [doing s.t.] = continue [doing s.t.] - continuAtion
gO over <it/s.t.> = [re]examine / [re]consider <it/s.t.>
gO out (intrans) = die (flAme / fIre / illuminAtion)
gO out of <it/s.t.> = lEave (deliited area)
gO round (int.) = circUlate - circUlation
gO round (int.) = <spin >= rotAte >= turn> - rotAtion / rotAtable / rOtary
gO round (int.) = suffIce
gO through <s.t/it> = experience <s.t/it> - experience / experiential
gO through <s.t/it> = (fouillerFR) *examine <s.t/it> - examinAtion / examinable
gO through with <s.t/it> = persevEre = (aller jusqu'au boutFR) - persevErance
gO up (int.)= rise = ascend
gO up [it/s.t.] = ascend [it/s.t.] - ascension
gO with s.o. = accompany s.o. (*there)
grOw up = matUre (int.) (jUvenIle) - matUration
*have had it (int.) = actively *relevant>
*have it in for s.o. = sEek opportUnity to criticIse s.o.
hEat up = *bEcome hot
hEat up s.t. = hEat <s.t./it> up = hEat [s.t./it]
hesitAte to do <s.t./it> ~ be reluctant to do <s.t./it>
hold it agAinst s.o. <that .. = for ...ing ..> <resent / blAme> s.o. because [of] ...
hold on to <s.t/it> = retAin <s.t/it> - retention / retAinable
hold on to <s.t/it> = grasp <s.t/it>
hold up an object = hold an object up = hold it up = support <s.t/it>
hold up <a bank/etc> = hold it up = unlawfully demand property from <a bank / ett> under threat - a hold-up
kEep awAy from <it/s.t.> = <avoid / eschew> <it/s.t.> - avoidance / avoidable
kEep hold of <it/s.t.> = mAintAin hold of <it/s.t.> = retAin <it/s.t.> - mAintenance - mAintAining - retention
kEep out s.t. = keep <s.t/it> out = exclUde <s.t/it>
kill the fatted calf = realise an investment - fattened
lAy in <s.t.> = lAy <s.t/it> in = acquire <s.t/it> in anticipAtion of demand - acquisition
lAy out <s.t.> = lAy <it/s.t.> out = arrAnge (on flat surface for examination /display /use) - arrAngement, lay-out (n.)
lay up <s.t/it> = lay <s.t/it> up = tAke out of Use and so trEat s.t. as to minimIse subsequent decAy - minimalisAtion
lEad up to <it/s.t.> = apprOach <it/s.t.>
lEave no stOne unturned = to try every *alternative
lEave out <s.t.> = leave <it/s.t.> out = omit <it/s.t.> omission (lEave,left,left)
lend an ear = listen (lend,lent,lent)
lend [s.o.] a hand [with s.t.] = help [s.o.] [with s.t.]
let/set off s.t. = let/set <s.t/it> off = <explOde / fIre> <s.t/it> (firework etc)operate <s.t/it> (gun / fIre-extinguisher) - operAtion / operable
let s.o. off = excUse s.o. - excUsal / excUsable
lie in wait for s.o. = remAin (concEaled) in one plAce until s.o. appEars - appEarance / apparent
lIght up s.t. = lIght <it/s.t.> up = <illuminate # ignIte> <it/s.t.> - illumination - ignition (# inflammable
look + adj. = appEar + adj. - appEarance / apparent
look after <it/s.t.> = <nurse /care for /take care of> <it/s.t.>
look around (int.) = scan (immediate locality)
look at <s.t./s.o./it> = <regard / view> <s.t./s.o./it> - visible
look back on <it/s.t.> = consider <it/s.t.> (past event or experience - considerAtion / considerable
look down on <= despIse
look for <it/s.t.> = sEek <it/s.t.> - (seek,sought,sought)
look forward to <it/s.t.> = contemplAte <it/s.t.> (fUture event with pleasure) - contemplAtion
look into <s.t./it> = examine <s.t./it> - examinAtion / examinable
look like <s.t./it> = resemble <s.t./it> # threaten <s.t./it> (weather) - resemblance - threat
look on <s.t./it> as s.t. = regard <s.t./it> as s.t.
look out s.t. = look <s.t./it> out = [sEek <s.t./it> and] make <s.t./it> avAilable
look over <s.t./it> = look <s.t./it> over = superficially examine / view / scan><s.t./it>
look round <s.t./it> = look backwards
look round <s.t./it> = visit as tourist <s.t./it> (area)
look through <s.t./it> = *examine / view / scan> <s.t./it> (document etc)
look to <s.o./s.t.> <to +verb / for <s.t./it>> = expect <s.o./s.t.> of <s.o./s.t.> (eg. guIdance / support)
look up s.o. = look s.o. up = visit s.o.
look up s.t. = look <s.t./it> up = sEek <s.t./it> (in a list) - reference
look up to s.o. = admIre s.o. - admirAtion / admirable
mAke do with s.t. = accommodate to s.t., in the absence of s.t. better
mAke fast s.t. = mAke <it/s.t.> fast = secUre <it/s.t.>
mAke for <condition/place) = <lEad # gO> toward <condition/place)
mAke fun of <it/s.t./s.o.> = mock <it/s.t./s.o.>
mAke good = reform (own personal character) # succEed (enterprIse)
mAke good s.t. = mAke <it/s.t.> good = repair <it/s.t.>
mAke hAste (int.) = hurry; hAsten (intrans.)
mAke out (int.) (coll.AM) = succEed - success
mAke out <s.o./s.t.> = mAke <it/s.o./s.t.> out = discern <it/s.o./s.t.> - / discernable
mAke out that <+ stAtement> = <pretend that / feign (pron.#fAn#)> <+ stAtement> - pretence (/ pretention)
mAke room for <s.o./s.t./it> = accommodate <s.o./s.t./it> - # incommOde
mAke sure that <s.t./it> (+ verb) = ensure that <s.t./it> (+ verb)
mAke up (int.) = reconcIle <ourselves # yourselves # themselves>
mAke up (a fAce) = apply cosmetics to (a face) - applicAtion / applicable
mAke up s.t. = make <s.t/it> up = <invent / compOse> <s.t/it> (story / excUse / rEason / etc) - invention
mAke up for <it/s.t.> = compensAte for <it/s.t.> - compensAtion
mAke up one's mInd = decIde (int.) - decision
part company (intrans) = separate (pEople)
pass s.t. off as s.t. = convince s.o. that s.t. is s.t. which it is not.
pass on = dIe
pass <s.t./it (info)> on = transmit <s.t./it> to apprOpriate recipient(s)
pass out = faint = swoon (obs. ®d‚suet¯)
patch things up = *restore a relAtionship after a quarrel
patch it up = patch up s.t. = mAke mimal repairs
pick on <s.o.> = bully <s.o.> (child?)
pick on <s.t./s.o> = choose (chOse,chOsen) <s.t./s.o> - choice
pick out <s.t.> = pick <s.t/it> out = <select / discern (among others) <s.t/it> - selection - identification
pick out <s.t.> = pick <s.t/it> out = <extract # select> <s.t/it>
pick up <s.t./s.o.> = pick <s.t./s.o./it> up = <collect / retriEve> <s.t./s.o./it> - collection / retriEval / collectible / retriEvable
pick up s.t = pick <s.t/it> up = learn <s.t/it> by chance (learn p.p. = learntGB; learnéd(GB) = adj = knowledgeable) (learntGB = learnedAM)
plug in s.t. = plug <it/s.t.> in = <insert (elec.) (# *remove)> <it/s.t.> (plugged in = p.p. # unplugged) (#plugged out#)
pOke fun at <it/s.t./s.o.> = mock <it/s.t./s.o.>
put awAy <s.t.> = put <s.t/it> awAy = *store <s.t/it>
put back <s.t.> = put <it/s.t.> back = <retard # replAce # reinstAte> <it/s.t.> - retardation - replAcement - reinstAtement / replAcceable ("replAce" *elsewhere might mEan "chAnge for *some *alternative")
put s.t. by = plAce <s.t/it> in reserve - plAcement / plAceable
put down <s.t.> = put <it/s.t.> down = <deposit # wrIte> <it/s.t.> - deposition
put down <s.t.> = put <it/s.t.> down = kill <it/s.t.> (pet animal etc)
put <s.o.> down = denigrAte <s.o.> - denigrAtion
put down s.t = put <s.t/it> down = <quell / repress / suppress> <s.t/it> (a rebellion) - suppression
put down <s.t.> on <s.t./it> = put <it/s.t.> down on <s.t./it> = pay (a deposit) to retAin s.t., - (arrhesFR) retention
put <s.t/it> down to <s.t/it> = attribUte <s.t/it> to <s.t/it> - attribUtion / attribUtable
put in <s.t.> = put <it/s.t.> into [it/s.t.] = insert <it/s.t.> [into <it/s.t.>] - insertion (verb = insert, noun = insert)
put in for <it/s.t.> = <requisition / apply for> <it/s.t.> - applicAtion / applicable
put it about that + stAtement = broadcast that + stAtement (news, Usually slanderous)
put <it/fact> across [to s.o.] = *effectively convey <it/fact> [to s.o.]
put it across s.o. = decEive s.o. >= mislEad s.o. - deception
put off <s.t.> = put <it/s.t.> off = defer <it/s.t.> - deferment = deferral # deferable # deference
put off s.o. = put s.o. off = deter s.o. - deterrent - determent
put on <s.t.> = put <it/s.t.> on = clOthe oneself with <it/s.t.> (garment[s] = [Item of] clOthing)
put out (USA-col.) (intr.) = invIte offers of a personal natUre - invitAtion
put out <s.t.> = put <it/s.t.> out = distribute <it/s.t.> (invitAtions, by mAil) - distribUtion
put out <s.t.> = put <s.t./it> out = misalIgn <s.t./it> - misalIgnment
put out <s.t.> = put <it/s.t.> out = extinguish <it/s.t.> - (flame / fIre / heater / light) - extinguishable
put <s.o.> out = incommOde <s.o.>
put together s.t. = put <s.t./it> together = assemble <s.t./it>
put up <s.t.> = put <it/s.t.> up = rAise the prIce of <it/s.t.> - a prIce-rIse
put up <s.t.> = put <it/s.t.> up = erect <it/s.t.> - erection
put up <s.o.> = put <s.o.> up = <lodge / provIde accommodAtion for> <s.o.> - prOvision
put up with <s.o.> = be <lodged = be accommodAted> by <s.o.> - accommodAtion
put up with <it/s.t./s.o.> = bear <it/s.t./s.o.> (supporterFR) - bearable
put up s.t. = put <s.t/it> up = raise and fix <s.t/it> / hang <s.t/it> (picture)- fixation / fixable
put s.o. up for <it/s.t.> = put up s.o. for <it/s.t.> = propOse s.o. for <it/s.t.> (office) - propOsal # proposition
rEach out for <it/s.t.> = stretch toward[s] <it/s.t.>
ring s.o. [up] = ring up s.o. = telephone s.o.
ring up s.t. = ring up = register rIse up = revolt (int) - revolution (#risible means laughable#)
rOpe in s.o.= rope s.o. in = conscript s.o. - conscription - a conscript (conscript = noun, conscript = verb)
run awAy with <s.o./s.t/it> = abscond with <s.o./s.t/it>
run out of <it/s.t.> = exhaust [the stock of] <it/s.t.> - exhaustion / exhaustible
run up agAinst <it/s.t.> = <mEet / be obstructed by> <it/s.t.> (obstacle)
run into <s.o.> = <meet = encounter> <s.o.> (unforesEeably)
run into <s.t/it> = collIde with <s.t/it> - collision
run down <s.o.> = run <s.o.> down = lOcAte s.o., (who is mobIle)
run down <s.o.> = run <s.o.> down = hit s.o., with a vEhicle
run down <s.o.> = run <s.o.> down = denigrAte (s.o.) - denigrAtion
run low on <s.t/it> = redUce the stock of <s.t/it> to an inconvEnient level
run out of <s.t/it> = exhaust the stock of <s.t/it>
run up <s.t/it> = accrue <s.t/it> - accrual
sAil clOse to the wind = conduct an affair in a manner barely acceptable
[mAke a] search for <it/s.t.> = seek <it/s.t.> -(seek,sought,sought)
sEe to <it/some matter> = attend to <it/ some matter>
sEe [to it] that <s.t./it> <happens = occurs> = ensUre that <s.t./it> happens= occurs>
set fIre to <it/s.t.> = set <it/s.t.> on fIre = ignIte <it/s.t.>
set out [for place] = commence journey [to place] / lEave [for place] - commencement
set out to do <s.t/it> = commence activity with intent to achiEve <s.t/it> - commencement
shOw up = 1 arrIve 2 become apparent/appEar
shOw up s.t.= show <s.t./it> up = accentuate <s.t./it>
shut down s.t. = shut <s.t/it> down = stop <s.t/it> working (said of a complex mechanism or organisation) - complexity - mechanical (pron. mecan...)
shut in <s.t./s.o.> = shut <s.t./s.o./it> in = enclOse <s.t./s.o./it> - enclOsure
shut out <s.t./s.o.> = shut <s.t./s.o./it> out = exclUde <s.t./s.o./it> -exclUsion
shut [s.o.] up = [cause s.o. to] cease speaking (int./trans.) - cessation
slOw down [s.t./s.o] = slow [it/s.t./s.o] down = greAtly decelerate [it/s.t./s.o] - decelerAtion
slOw up [s.t./s.o] = slow [it/s.t./s.o] up = slIghtly decelerate [it/s.t./s.o] - decelerAtion
sOak up s.t. = soak <it/s.t.> up = absorb <it/s.o> - absorbtion
spEak well of <s.t./s.o./it> = <prAise <= laud> <s.t./s.o./it>
spEed up [s.t.] = speed [it/s.t.] up = accelerate [it/s.t.] - acceleration
split up [s.t./group] = split [it/s.t./group] up = separate [it/s.t./group] - separAtion / separable
stand by = remAin inactive (in face of injustice etc) (int)
stand by <s.o./s.t./it> = <sustAin / support>(fig) <s.o./s.t./it>
stand by for <s.t./it> = be ready for <s.t./it>
stand down (int.) = <resIgn or, not offer to continue in *service>
stand for <s.t./it> = represent <s.t./it> - representAtion / representable
stand for <s.t./it> = <suffer = bear> <s.t./it> / sufferable # sufferance
stand in for <s.o.> = temporarily replAce <s.o.> - replAcement / replAceable
stand in the way of <s.t./it> = stand in <s.o./s.t./it>'s way = obstruct s.o.
stand out [a mIle] (int.) = be [very] conspicuous
stand up for <s.o.> = support(fig) <s.o.> (agAinst opposition)
stick it out (int.) = <persevEre / endUre (trans.) it> - endUrance / endUrable / persevErance
stick out (col) (int.) = project - projection
stick out one's tongue at <s.o./s.t.> (fig.) = stick one's tongue out at <s.o./s.t.> = displAy contempt for <s.o./s.t.>
stop <s.o./s.t./it> from ..ing = prevent <s.o./s.t./it> ..ing
swear by <s.t./it> = <affirm by comparison with a known fact # recommend s.t. as being of a firmly established quality>
tAke apart s.t. = take <s.t./it> apart = dismantle <s.t./it> - (tAke,took,tAken)
tAke away s.t. = take <s.t./it> away = *remove <s.t./it> (to a distance) - removal / removable
tAke back s.t. = take <s.t./it> back = <revOke # *recover> <s.t./it>
tAke hold of <s.t./it> = grasp <s.t./it>
tAke in s.t. = take <s.t./it> in = <comprehend = understand> <s.t./it>
tAke s.o. in = dUpe s.o. # <not tAke <me/you/him/her/us/them/s.o. in = not tAke in s.o.>
tAke no *nOtice of <it/s.t.> = <disregard = *ignore> <it/s.t.> (FR "ignorer" = GB "not be aware of" # GB "ignore")
tAke off s.t. = tAke <s.t./it> off = *remove <s.t./it> (garment[s]) - removal /removable (divest oneself = undress) (divest oneself of s.t. = remove s.t. (an encumbrance - obsolete goods)
tAke off (int.) = depart (aeroplAne) / (FR d‚coller (avion)) - departUre
tAke off s.o = take <s.o.> off = imitAte <s.o.> - imitAtion / imitable
tAke on s.t. = tAke <it/s.t.> on = undertAke <it/s.t.>
tAke on s.o.> = tAke s.o. on = engage s.o. (employment)
tAke on s.o.> = tAke s.o. on = voluntarily compEte with s.o.
tAke out <s.t.> [from <s.t./it>] = take <s.t./it> out [of <s.t./it>] = extract <s.t./it> [from <s.t./it>] extraction / extractable /extricable
tAke Over <s.t.> = take <s.t./it> over = assUme <responsibility for / *management of> <s.t./it> (an operation) - assumption / assUmable
tAke part in = participate in (activity # display)
tAke plAce (int.) = <occur / happen> - occurrence
tAke to <s.o./s.t./it> = be attracted by <s.o. or some activity> - attraction
tAke up <activity> = take <activity/it> up = start practising <an activity/it> - commencement
tAke up <plAy = frEe *movement ~ / slack> = tAke it up = remove free movement (from rOpe # bearing etc)
tAke <s.t./it> up with s.o. = consusult s.o. regarding <s.t./it>
tAke s.o. up on s.t. = accept s.o.'s offer or challenge
tAke up <offer / challenge> = tAke <it / offer / challenge etc> up = accept <it / offer / challenge> - acceptance / acceptable
tAke s.o. up on <it/s.t.> = challenge <truth = veracity> of s.o.'s stAtement
tAke <dress / skirt / it> up = tAke up <dress / skirt> # shorten <dress / skirt / it>
thrOw in the towel = thrOw the towel in = concEde defEat
track down s.t. = track <it/s.t.> down = locAte <it/s.t.> with difficulty
turn in (col)(int.)= go to bed
turn in s.t. (trans.)= relinquish <it/s.t.>
turn in s.t. (trans.)= turn <it/s.t.> in = hem
turn s.o. in = surrender s.o.
turn into <s.t.> = *become <s.t.>
turn it up (col., intrans., obs.?) = desist
turn off <s.t./it> = turn <s.t./it> off = deactivate <s.t./it> - deactivation
turn on <s.t.> = turn <s.t./it> on = activate <s.t./it> - activation -activity
turn out [for <s.t.>] (int.) = present oneself [for an activity] - presentation / presentable
turn out <s.t.> = turn <s.t./it> out = empty s.t. (drawer)
turn out s.t. = turn <s.t./it> out = *remove s.t. from its contAiner (cAke)
turn out s.o. = turn s.o. out = remove s.o. from their habitAtion
turn out <s.t.> = turn <s.t./it> out = [repEatedly] mAke s.t.
turn out <s.o.> = turn <s.o.> out = expel <s.o.> - expulsion
turn out that <+ statement> = transpIre that <+ statement>
turn out to be <s.t./s.o.> = transpIre that it is <s.t./s.o.>
turn <it/s.t.> [round] = rotAte <it/s.t.> - rOtAtion / rOtAtable / rOtary (# revolve)
turn [s.t./it] round = reverse [s.t./it] (back to front) - reversal / reversible
turn [s.t./it] over = reverse [s.t./it] (top to bottom) - reversal / reversible
turn up [at a plAce](int.) = arrIve [at a place] (possibly unexpectedly)
turn up <s.t.> = turn <it/s.t.> up = unexpectedly prodUce <s.t.>
turn up <s.t.> = turn <it/s.t.> up = incrEase the <volume of <s.t./it.> (sound) / flow of <s.t./it.> (gas etc.)
Use up s.t. = use <s.t./it> up = exhaust [the stock of] <s.t./it> - exhaustion / exhaustible
wAit for <s.t./it> = await <s.t./it>
wAit until <s.t./it> happens = awAit <an occurrence>
wAke up <s.o.> = wAke <s.o./it> up = <awAken = *arouse> <s.o./it> (but "arouse an emotion") - arousal
walk out on s.o. = abandon s.o. (brEach of dUty) - abandonment
want [for] s.t. = lack s.t. = be in a condition less than optimal, through lack of s.t.
warm up = *become warm
warm up [s.t.] = warm [s.t./it] up = warm [s.t./it]
watch for <it/s.t./s.o.> = be attentive to the possible appEarance of <it/s.t./s.o.> - attention
watch out for <it/s.t./s.o.> = *beware of <it/s.t./s.o.> # be ready to nOte <it/s.t./s.o.>
win s.o. over = convince a reluctant person of s.t.
wInd <it/s.t.> down = progressively redUce <it/s.t.> (wInd,wound,wound)
wInd <it/s.t.> up = wInd up s.t. = progressively terminAte <it/s.t.>
wInd <it/s.t.> up = wInd up s.t. = raise by means of a winch, or coil <it/s.t.> (as a clock-spring or weight, or a hOse or rOpe)
wInd up [at a locality / in a condition] = terminAte [at (plAce) / as (stAte)]
work out s.t. = work <s.t/it> out = solve <s.t/it> (complex problem / enigma) - solution/ soluble # solvable
wrIte off s.t. = wrIte <s.t/it> off = abandon <s.t/it> as unviable - abandonment (accountancy term mEaning "cEase to regard as an asset, whence collOquially, accidentally destroy s.t. so that it *becomes worthless)
wrIte off for s.t. = order <s.t/it> by post.

Some of these verbs can also be taken literally eg. tilt your head back and "look up to" the sky. Many are specialised forms of a more general verb, as "tAke s.t. out [of ..]" and "tAke s.t. off [[of] ..]" have different meanings, both encompassed by "remove s.t. [from ..]".

<When = where> a verb is derIved from an object the name of which ends in "nge" as "flange" and "hinge"; the "e" softening the "g" to the sound of "j", the pronuciAtion is retAined throughout the tenses. Those infinitives ending in "ing" retain the hard sound of "g" in any tenses formed by the addition of "ed". An infinitive ending in "ge" will drop the "e" in a verb suffix of "ing", with the exception of "to singe" which retains its "e" throughout to distinguish it in spelling and in sound from "to sing".

hang,hung,hung (t/i, act/pass) but this verb has been copied and modified to provIde a less general mEaning; that of "hang by the neck until dead" (t). This latter verb in past tenses becomes "hanged", "hanged".
ring,rang,rung (t/i) as of a bell, should not be confUsed with a synonym of "encircle"; "ring","ringed","ringed". Verbs coined rEcently, tend to have tenses in "ed" with no chAnge to the body of the infinitive, although stress may be relocAated.

Many nouns and verbs move their stress or transfer it to the suffix when formed into an *adjective or adverb. This has come about through a desIre for Ease of pronunciAtion, eUphony or distinction, and cAses may chAnge Over a long pEriod.

Ephasis Elsewhere is a list of words which in their verbal, adjectival and noun forms, differ in their ephasised syllables. To these may be added:- contribUte, contribUtion constitUte, constitUtion distribUte, distribUtion destitUte, destitUtion phOtograph, phOtographer, phOtography solve, solUable, solUtion (a conflict) dissolve, solUable, solUtion (a solid) solve, solvable, solUtion (a conundrum)

In *some of the *above, words and spellings have originAted in a form which is nEEded to distinguished them from other words which would otherwIse have a similar appEarance. 1