People of Color, African and Native American, Worcester County 1790
The following is compiled from the Manuscript 1790 Census for Worcester County, here reproducing information on people of color, Native Americans and African Americans, living in Worcester County. More than 78 percent of the County's people of color were living in independent households by 1790, many others wage-earning servants or retainers, in the white households where they were owned prior to the "extinction" of Massachusetts slavery in 1783. Here under the heading Type, "independent" means an independent family living on its own while "with white family" refers to individuals enumerated as a part of a white household, the name of the person of color not included in the manuscript records. The "with white household" category includes people of color employed as domestics or field hands while in some instances former slaves continued living with their previous masters. Examples of former owners of slaves with people of color in their household include Joseph Henshaw of Shrewsbury and Nathaniel Paine, Timothy Paine, Jacob Hemenway and Christania Walker of Worcester. Also enumerated as "Negroes" are Native families with an African American spouse; examples include the families of Sharp Freeborn at Paxton, whose wife Esther Lawrence was a Nipmuc Indian from Grafton, and Thomas Humphrey at Sturbridge, whose wife Esther Pegan who been born at the Nipmuc reseveration at Dudley. Additional "Negroes" include Natives like Saul Job of New Braintree.
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|
Town |
Type |
First Name |
Last Name |
Number Persons |
|
Ashburnham |
independent |
Philemon |
Jackson |
05 |
|
Ashburnham |
independent |
John |
Franklin |
05 |
|
Athol |
with white family |
Joseph |
Easterbrook |
01 |
|
Athol |
with white family |
James |
Humphry |
01 |
|
Athol |
with white family |
Hannah |
Oliver |
01 |
|
Athol |
with white family |
John |
Oliver |
01 |
|
Athol |
with white family |
James |
Stratton |
01 |
|
Barre |
with white family |
James |
Allen |
01 |
|
Barre |
with white family |
Ephraim |
Brooks |
01 |
|
Barre |
with white family |
David |
Fisk |
01 |
|
Barre |
with white family |
John |
Buckminster |
02 |
|
Barre |
with white family |
Joseph |
Dana |
01 |
|
Barre |
with white family |
Abel |
Hinds |
01 |
|
Barre |
with white family |
Jane |
Nurse |
01 |
|
Barre |
with white family |
Francis |
Nurse |
01 |
|
Barre |
with white family |
John |
Smith |
01 |
|
Barre |
independent |
Jacob |
Caswell |
04 |
|
Barre |
independent |
Moydore |
Hillhouse |
03 |
|
Barre |
independent |
Moses |
Meldre |
03 |
|
Barre |
independent |
Cromwell |
Oliver |
03 |
|
Barre |
independent |
Nimrod |
Qaugs |
02 |
|
Barre |
independent |
Richard |
Thomas |
04 |
|
Barre |
independent |
Simon |
Oliver |
05 |
|
Barre |
independent |
Robert |
Parker |
02 |
|
Barre |
independent |
Titus |
Rogers |
04 |
|
Bolton |
independent |
Peter |
Morse |
01 |
|
Boylston |
independent |
Cato |
Bondman |
07 |
|
Boylston |
independent |
Cease[r] |
Suttle |
04 |
|
Boylston |
with white family |
Daniel |
Andrews |
01 |
|
Boylston |
with white family |
Ezra |
Beaman |
01 |
|
Boylston |
with white family |
Eleazer |
Fairbanks |
01 |
|
Brookfield |
with white family |
David |
Hitchcock |
01 |
|
Brookfield |
with white family |
Luke |
Baldwin |
01 |
|
Brookfield |
with white family |
Abraham |
Walker |
01 |
|
Brookfield |
independent |
Phineas |
Upham |
01 |
|
Brookfield |
with white family |
Thomas |
Waits |
01 |
|
Brookfield |
independent |
Leafy |
Stanley |
02 |
|
Charlton |
independent |
John |
Slater |
01 |
|
Chaarlton |
with white family |
Richard |
Dresser |
01 |
|
Dudley |
independent |
Primus |
Mawney |
08 |
|
Dudley |
with white family |
Nathaniel |
Healey |
02 |
|
Dudley |
with white family |
Sarah |
Cheney |
01 |
|
Dudley |
with white family |
Abigail |
Carter |
01 |
|
Fitchburg |
independent |
Polly |
Abner |
01 |
|
Gardner |
independent |
Moses |
Hendrick |
01 |
|
Gerry |
with white family |
Ebenezer |
Tucker |
01 |
|
Hardwick |
with white family |
Caleb |
Nye |
01 |
|
Hardwick |
independent |
Martin |
Kinsley |
01 |
|
Hardwick |
independent |
Jonathan |
Warner |
01 |
|
Hardwick |
independent |
James |
Pearce |
01 |
|
Hardwick |
independent |
Daniel |
Wheeler |
01 |
|
Hardwick |
independent |
John |
Jeney Jr |
01 |
|
Hardwick |
independent |
Moses |
Chamberlain |
01 |
|
Hardwick |
independent |
Ned |
Rueben |
01 |
|
Hardwick |
independent |
Mike |
Bumpo |
05 |
|
Harvard |
independent |
Dinah |
Wetherbee |
05 |
|
Harvard |
independent |
Ceaser |
Hammond |
06 |
|
Hubbardston |
independent |
Anthony |
Clark |
04 |
|
Hubbardston |
independent |
Peter |
Clark |
03 |
|
Hubbardston |
independent |
Daniel |
Clark |
03 |
|
Hubbardston |
independent |
Amnon |
Clark |
04 |
|
Hubbardston |
independent |
Ami |
Adams |
02 |
|
Lancaster |
independent |
James |
Taylor |
05 |
|
Lancaster |
independent |
Abner |
Mitchel[l] |
04 |
|
Lancaster |
independent |
Francis |
Davis |
09 |
|
Lancaster |
independent |
Ceaser |
Corbett [Cobbat] |
05 |
|
Leicester |
with white family |
John |
Lyon |
01 |
|
Leicester |
with white family |
Edmund |
Snow |
02 |
|
Leicester |
with white family |
Joseph |
Sprague |
01 |
|
Leicester |
with white family |
Nahum |
Tainter |
01 |
|
Leicester |
with white family |
Thomas |
Newall |
01 |
|
Leicester |
with white family |
William |
Sprague |
01 |
|
Leicester |
with white family |
Thomas |
Snow |
01 |
|
Leominster |
independent |
Peter |
Treslup |
08 |
|
Lunenbrugh |
with white family |
Peg |
Clark |
02 |
|
Mendon |
with white family |
Moses |
Daniels |
01 |
|
Mendon |
independent |
Levi |
Willard |
01 |
|
Mendon |
independent |
Joseph |
McClintock |
01 |
|
Milford |
with white family |
Jacob |
Tom |
01 |
|
Milford |
with white family |
James |
Millens |
01 |
|
Milford |
independent |
Robbin |
Mingo |
03 |
|
Milford |
independent |
Andrew |
Dewner [Duno] |
07 |
|
N. Braintree |
with white family |
Elias |
Hall |
01 |
|
N. Braintree |
with white family |
James |
Robinson |
01 |
|
N. Braintree |
with white family |
Artemas |
How |
01 |
|
N. Braintree |
with white family |
Nahum |
Thompson |
01 |
|
N. Braintree |
with white family |
Joseph |
Tidd |
01 |
|
N. Braintree |
independent |
Saul |
Job |
09 |
|
Northboro |
independent |
Beaver |
Cowden |
04 |
|
Northbridge |
with white family |
John |
Spring |
01 |
|
Northbridge |
with white family |
John |
Spring Jr. |
01 |
|
Northbridge |
independent |
Jesse |
Rutter |
03 |
|
Oakham |
with white family |
Rudolphus |
Carter |
01 |
|
Oxford |
with white family |
Samuel |
Campbell |
01 |
|
Oxford |
with white family |
Josiah |
Willicott |
01 |
|
Oxford |
independent |
Jack |
Whitmore |
03 |
|
Paxton |
with white family |
Joseph |
Knight |
01 |
|
Paxton |
with white family |
James |
Wicker |
01 |
|
Paxton |
with white family |
Seth |
Snow |
01 |
|
Paxton |
independent |
Sharp |
Freeborn |
04 |
|
Petersham |
with white family |
Samuel |
Cutter |
01 |
|
Petersham |
with white family |
Roland |
Weaks |
01 |
|
Petersham |
independent |
Peter |
Gore |
03 |
|
Princeton |
independent |
John |
Felton |
03 |
|
Boylston |
independent |
Reuben |
Kendall [Kindoll] |
02 |
|
Rutland |
with white family |
Joseph |
Buckminster |
01 |
|
Rutland |
with white family |
Adenijah |
Bartlett |
01 |
|
Rutland |
with white family |
David |
Bent |
01 |
|
Rutland |
with white family |
Jeremiah |
Gates |
01 |
|
Rutland |
with white family |
John |
McClanathan |
02 |
|
Rutland |
with white family |
Thomas |
Wood |
01 |
|
Shrewsbury |
with white family |
Benjamin |
Bush |
02 |
|
Shrewsbury |
with white family |
John |
Farrar |
02 |
|
Shrewsbury |
with white family |
Joseph |
Henshaw |
02 |
|
Shrewsbury |
with white family |
Rebecah |
Symms |
01 |
|
Shrewsbury |
with white family |
Elijah |
Rawson |
01 |
|
Shrewsbury |
with white family |
Calvin |
Newton |
01 |
|
Shrewsbury |
independent |
Seras |
Jones |
03 |
|
Southboro |
independent |
John |
Hagar |
01 |
|
Spencer |
with white family |
Enoch |
Mason |
01 |
|
Spencer |
with white family |
Joseph |
Pope |
01 |
|
Spencer |
with white family |
Isaac |
Jenks |
01 |
|
Spencer |
independent |
Silas |
Golden |
03 |
|
Sterling |
independent |
George |
Ivers |
03 |
|
Sterling |
independent |
Pompey |
Woodward |
03 |
|
Sterling |
independent |
Ishmael |
Dorchester |
08 |
|
Sturbridge |
with white family |
Joseph |
Smith |
01 |
|
Sturbridge |
with white family |
Benjamin |
Freeman |
01 |
|
Sturbridge |
independent |
Thomas |
Humphrey |
02 |
|
Sutton |
with white family |
Nathaniel |
Gibbs |
01 |
|
Sutton |
with white family |
Asa |
Goodale |
03 |
|
Sutton |
with white family |
Robert |
Goddard |
01 |
|
Sutton |
with white family |
Jonathan |
Holmes |
01 |
|
Sutton |
with white family |
Joseph |
Hall |
01 |
|
Sutton |
with white family |
Ebenezer |
Chapin |
02 |
|
Sutton |
with white family |
Timothy |
Bigelow |
01 |
|
Sutton |
with white family |
Azor |
Phelps |
01 |
|
Upton |
independent |
Prince |
Hasleton |
03 |
|
Upton |
independent |
Ceazer |
Jeney |
05 |
|
Upton |
independent |
Ceazer |
Jeney |
04 |
|
Upton |
independent |
Christopher |
Vickers |
03 |
|
Upton |
independent |
Thomas |
Webster |
06 |
|
Upton |
independent |
Jonathan |
Webster |
04 |
|
Uxbridge |
with white family |
David |
Draper |
01 |
|
Uxbridge |
with white family |
Gideon |
Frost |
02 |
|
Uxbridge |
with white family |
Moses |
Whitney |
02 |
|
Uxbridge |
with white family |
Samuel |
Willard |
01 |
|
Uxbridge |
independent |
Cuff |
Busher |
03 |
|
Uxbridge |
independent |
David |
Pearce |
05 |
|
Uxbridge |
independent |
Abraham |
Minto |
02 |
|
Westboro |
independent |
Francis |
Downs |
04 |
|
Warren |
with white family |
James |
Stone |
01 |
|
Warren |
with white family |
James |
Blair |
01 |
|
Warren |
with white family |
Rueben |
Reed, Jr |
01 |
|
Warren |
with white family |
John |
Patrick |
01 |
|
Warren |
independent |
Joseph |
Cutler, Jr |
01 |
|
Warren |
independent |
Newport |
Dan |
03 |
|
Warren |
independent |
James |
Morse |
02 |
|
Westminster |
independent |
Peter |
Seaver |
04 |
|
Winchendon |
independent |
John |
Dickinson |
02 |
|
Worcester |
independent |
Jeffrey |
Hemenway |
04 |
|
Worcester |
independent |
Scipio |
Hemenway |
04 |
|
Worcester |
independent |
George |
Lynde |
04 |
|
Worcester |
independent |
Jack |
Manses |
04 |
|
Worcester |
independent |
Cato |
Walker |
03 |
|
Worcester |
independent |
Simon |
Brook[s] |
02 |
|
Worcester |
independent |
Cato |
Dawes |
03 |
|
Worcester |
independent |
Worcester |
Winslow |
02 |
|
Worcester |
with white family |
John |
Moore |
01 |
|
Worcester |
with white family |
Nathaniel |
Paine |
02 |
|
Worcester |
with white family |
Nathaniel |
Patch |
03 |
|
Worcester |
with white family |
Joseph |
Allen |
01 |
|
Worcester |
with white family |
John |
Nazro |
01 |
|
Worcester |
with white family |
Timothy |
Paine |
02 |
|
Worcester |
with white family |
Solomon |
Putnam |
01 |
|
Worcester |
with white family |
Amos |
Putnam |
01 |
|
Worcester |
with white family |
Aaron |
Bancroft |
02 |
|
Worcester |
with white family |
Jacob |
Chamberlain |
01 |
|
Worcester |
with white family |
John |
Stanton |
01 |
|
Worcester |
with white family |
Helyer |
Tanner |
01 |
|
Worcester |
with white family |
Elijah |
Dix |
01 |
|
Worcester |
with white family |
Eli |
Flagg |
01 |
|
Worcester |
with white family |
Jacob |
Heamingway |
02 |
|
Worcester |
with white family |
William |
Sever |
01 |
|
Worcester |
with white family |
Christania |
Walker |
02 |