Abstract:-- This paper follows The Cartesian Theory (Hammond, New Ideas in Psychology  Vol. 12(2), 1994)  which advanced 3-axis  brain cleavage as the cause of the Structural Model.  This second paper reports gravitational curvature in the brain.  Intelligence plus Personality form a 4D space.  The eigenvector of the 4x4 metric is the Secular Trend and Einstein curvature G_uv of linearized gravity.  Penrose's quantum brain gravity is the source thus confirming the Hameroff-Penrose model.  This factor proves to be the classical "God" of history.  A causal link between Relativity and the Structural Model yields the world's first experimentally confirmed scientific proof of God.

I     Introduction:  George Gamow's relativistic
                               world of Mr. Tompkins.

    Sir Roger Penrose was the first to suggest that gravity controls the human brain (Penrose 1989, 1994).  Many scientists are skeptical.  In a 1994 lecture at the Isaac Newton Institute Stephen Hawking made the following comment to Roger Penrose: "One doesn't need quantum gravity to explain Schrodinger's cat or the operation of the brain.  It is a red herring." (Hawking and Penrose 1996, p. 121).  The discovery reported here suggests that Stephen Hawking is wrong, at least about the human brain, and Roger Penrose is correct.  The reason is that Psychometry has uncovered an enormous relativistic curvature in brain function.  Classical gravity being eliminated, we are left to conclude that quantum gravity somewhere in the brain must be the cause.  Coincidentally then, the natural candidate for this phenomena is Roger Penrose's quantum brain gravity hypothesis.
    If that was all, perhaps a mere Psychometry discovery would only be of passing interest, however this discovery includes a truly breath taking corollary.  It is elementary to show that the discovery of a curvature in psychometry space yields a stunning explanation of "God".  In view of this startling development, the fact that gravitational curvature only appears as a factor analytic identification becomes an objection that pales into insignificance.
    Given the novel claims of this paper, it is relevant to mention that there is an intriguing historical background.  In 1940, the famous Russian-American physicist George Gamow wrote a fictional story about a world where the speed of light was only 10 miles per hour (Gamow and Stannard 1999).  Because of this, people could actually see relativity.  Relativity caused people to shrink in size and behave oddly.  According to the present theory, Gamow's world is real, but the cause of this dramatic effect is General Relativity, not Special Relativity.  It is Gravity that is vastly altered, not the speed of light.  Unknown to Gamow, quantum gravity in the brain produces an enormous classical curvature in perceptual reality, drastically changing the visible size and speed of the world. We now realize why Gamow's story captured the public imagination and has passed through 20 printings.  Gamow was describing "God".
    Before leaving this introduction I should mention the title The Scientific Proof of God.  Today it is absurd to believe that anyone could claim priority in such a discovery.  For one thing, if God is explained by gravity Albert Einstein or even Isaac Newton by discovering the theory of gravity must be given that priority.  Interestingly, Einstein, a firm believer in God stated that he believed in a Cosmical God but not a Personal God (Jammer 1999).  The term Personal God refers to an anthropomorphic deity, that is God in the form of an invisible man.  It is historical irony then that this paper not only proves God really is an invisible man, but identifies Einstein's theory as the proof of it.
    With that, we turn to a presentation of this newly discovered theory. We begin with a brief explanation of what Psychometry is, and then move on to the central psychometric result itself and its connection to the theory of General Relativity.

II       Discovery of the Structural Model of Personality.

    The author is a physicist and this paper is written primarily for physicists.  This makes explaining a linear algebra theory like Psychometry⁽¹⁾ a simple task.  In fact, a physicist can easily comprehend this entire thesis once he has been briefed on Psychometry.  The theory is based on the discovery that the orthogonal cleavages of human anatomy, specifically in the brain, cause the orthogonal eigenvectors of Psychometry.  The geometry is 4-dimensional and mathematically identical to what physicists call "linearized gravity".  The reason for this is that the orthogonal structure of real space is the cause of the orthogonal structure of human anatomy (Hammond 1994).  As Relativists know, the eigenvector of the spacetime metric is caused by mass and is called Gravity.  As we shall demonstrate, the eigenvector of the psychometry metric is caused by brain growth and is called "God".  Since real space causes psychometry space¾ God is caused by Gravity.  Penrose's brain gravity is identified as the (semiclassical) source of this curvature.  Now, compared to contemporary physics this is an elementary theory. How could such an elementary result lie undiscovered until 2003?  The reason is that Psychology is statistics and required computers capable of diagonalizing a 200´200 matrix and 40 years of  psychometrists using them testing millions of people, to finally allow Physics to recognize this structure.
    Having explained this theory in a single paragraph I'm sure it raises a host of questions in the minds of most scientists.  That is why we must spend 10 more pages examining details and explaining how an invisible man, the God pictured on the Sistine Chapel ceiling, actually exists and is caused by Gravity.  We begin with a briefing on what the science of Psychometry is.
    Psychometry is the field of psychology measurement; mainly IQ and Personality tests. The Stanford-Binet and Wechsler IQ tests, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Test are well known examples.
    Modern Psychometry is based on the linear algebra of Factor Analysis, the Factor Analysis of written questionnaires mainly. As a simple heuristic example, an unabridged dictionary contains roughly 4,000 adjectives describing human personality (Allport and Odbert 1936). A core list of about 200 substantially describes it.  These are words such as:

raffish, effete, hidebound, taciturn, optimistic, facetious, congenial, flamboyant, impudent, gullible, suspicious, skeptical, naive, prudish, jovial, witty,  smug, pompous, gregarious, polite, cynical, .... etc.

    By making up a simple 200 word Adjective Checklist and giving it as a test to 5,000 people with instructions to score each adjective from -5 to +5 as to how well it describes themselves, one can compute the correlation coefficients (of described behavior) between the 200 adjectives.  In this case such a procedure yields a 200´200 correlation matrix describing  human personality (Goldberg 1994, Cattell 1973).
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(1)  "Psychometry has two definitions.  Here we are discussing mental measurements (IQ, Personality tests etc.).  To avoid possible confusion the term Psychometrics is often used.
   

    Factor Analysis is the method by which the Structural Model of Personality is deduced from the matrix.  Every real symmetric matrix has what are known as eigenvectors.  This correlation matrix is a scalar product matrix where each adjective is modeled as a vector in a vector space.  The correlation coefficient is the cosine of the angle between vectors.  If all the correlations were zero the space would be 200 dimensional, but because most of the correlations are nonzero the vectors occupy far less than 200 dimensions.  The Rank of the matrix is the dimensionality of the space, the Rank being identical to the number of eigenvectors since the eigenvectors are coordinate axes of the space.  A modern desktop computer can easily determine the Rank and extract the eigenvectors.  This is called "Factoring" the matrix.  This vector space is referred to as "Psychometry space" and every point in it represents a different personality type as measured by the coordinate axes of the space.
    Suppose the Rank of the matrix turned out to be three⁽²⁾. Then what we would know is that the Structural Model of Personality is 3-dimensional.  One might be able to discover this using psychoanalysis (Freud did apparently, the Tripartite Model), but there is no way to measure it.  Psychometry is a way of measuring it.  Further, by observing which of the 200 vectors load on each of the 3 dimensions, we can identify the 3-dimensions.  That is, we can discover the names of the 3-dimensions.
    Incidentally, one can see that there is nothing  psychoanalytical about this procedure.  It involves only the simple categorization of objectively visible human behavior on a large statistical basis.  To that extent it is a scientifically "metrical" procedure.  While Freudian Psychology belongs to a premetrical era, the invention of Psychometry early in the last century marks the beginning of the modern metrical era.  Largely as a result of this, and advances in Brain Science, in 1982 the prestigious International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) admitted the International Union of Psychological Sciences (UPsyS) to full membership, de facto recognizing Psychology as a "science".
    Meanwhile, 70 years of research by many thousands of investigators in an enormous peer reviewed academic literature, has actually confirmed that personality space is  3-dimensional, and these 3 dimensions have been named E, N, and P; Extraversion, Neuroticism and Psychoticism (Eysenck 1990)⁽³⁾.  Of course the methodology now extends to elaborately written modern questionnaires not merely adjective checklists, and includes sophisticated physiology methods also (Eysenck 1990, Cattell 1973).  However, there is still something missing which makes the discovery fall short of a scientific law.  No one can explain why personality should be 3-dimensional.  Until that is discovered, we do not have a scientific law.
    This is where the author's preliminary paper comes in (Hammond 1994).  In that paper I published the first experimentally confirmed explanation of why the 3-dimensional result exists.  I showed that the 3-Factor result is caused by the  3-axis anatomical cleavage of the brain.  The 3-axis orthogonal cleavage of the brain is caused by the 3-axis structure of space, hence¾ Personality is 3-dimensional because space is 3-dimensional.  As we are about to see, this axiomatic principle turns out to be the master key which unlocks the world's first scientific proof of God.
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(2)  Actually the rank is about 30 and these are called the 1^st order Factors (eigenvectors).  After "rotation and refactoring", 13-2^nd order Factors are found, then 4-3^rd order Factors, and finally 1-4^th order Factor (Cattell 1973).  ENPg are both 2^nd and 3^rd order Factors [1].  This is discussed in Sections IV and VI.
(3)   Eysenck's ENP are identified as Cattell's 2^nd  order Factors QI, QII, QIV (Exvia, Anxiety, Independence) by both Cattell and Eysenck in the case of E and N, and by the author in the case of P.

    There is much more to this 3-dimensional discovery and it is detailed in my 1994 paper.  Besides the 3-orthogonal dimensions E,N,P, there are also 10 oblique dimensions.  I showed in that paper and in subsequent work, that all 13 of these experimentally known dimensions are (correlationally) the 13 symmetry axes of a cube.  E,N,P are simply the 3 normals of the cube, the Principal Axes of personality space.  For decades Factorists have been arguing over whether there are 3, 4, 5, 7, 9 or 13 dimensions (Eysenck 1991).  My paper resolved the entire problem by showing that everyone is right, and that all the different models are simply geometrical redactions of a cube.  This is due as I have shown, to the fact that the human brain is structurally cubic, possessing the 8 corner octants (brain lobes) of a cube.  This resolution of the Structural Model controversy is overwhelming experimental support for the present theory.  At this point I will have to refer the reader to the original paper (Hammond 1994) as we must move forward to the topic of this paper, the scientific explanation of God.

III   That the unification of  Personality and Intelligence is
         caused by Einstein's unification of space and time.

    Intelligence and Personality are two different phenomena.  Historically, Psychometry is divided into two eras.  1900-35 saw the study of Intelligence by Sir Francis Galton, Karl Pearson, Charles Spearman and Sir Ronald Fisher whom founded Statistics and Factor Analysis and which produced the modern IQ test by 1935.  After that, Louis Thurstone, R. B. Cattell and Hans Eysenck turned this new mathematics on personality research, which with the aid of modern computers resulted in the discovery of E,N,P in Personality by 1990.  Until now it has never been suspected that there might be a structural connection between Intelligence and Personality, but as we are about to see, there is.  This connection turns out to be the same as the connection between Time and Space, discovered by Albert Einstein!
    I discovered this connection quite by accident 3 years after the publication of the Cartesian Theory.  I discovered some advanced research by Raymond B. Cattell the most accomplished experimentalist ever to investigate Psychometry.  His research indicated that there were 4 factors, not 3 (Cattell 1975) [1].  Since I had just published that the 3 dimensions of space XYZ cause ENP, it seemed impossible that there could be 4 dimensions.  Then I noticed that Cattell had included Intelligence in his factor analysis, and I suddenly realized that the Structural Model was not only caused by the 3-dimensions of space, but that all 4-dimensions of  "spacetime" caused factors.  Intelligence correlates with the 4^th dimension¾ Time.  The past 4 decades of research on intelligence has confirmed that Mental Speed is the principal biological component of intelligence (Eysenck 1997, Jensen 1998).  Speed correlates with time.  The explanation of an enormous mystery was revealed.  What I realized, is that since the most phenomenal thing about spacetime is that it is curved as Einstein discovered, and since spacetime causes psychometry space, that psychometry space must be curved also and that this curvature would appear as a "higher order factor" in psychometry.  Cattell's 1975 paper had even predicted such a factor.  Knowing as I did by then that the phenomena of brain growth probably explained this factor, I immediately realized that this final, lone, gravitational factor was probably "God"¾ the classical God of history.  The fact that all of Psychology ends in a single axiomatic physics factor, namely Gravity, is a powerful clue!  In the next section we establish that brain growth is the direct biological cause of this final factor.

IV     The identification of the Secular Trend
      as the direct biological cause of God.

    Besides the simple factors  we extracted from the correlation matrix, there are also "higher order factors".  This is due to something called Simple Structure.  We would expect 200 random words to form a spherical cloud in psychometry space.  They do not, actually they form distinct bands or streaks.  Long ago, Louis Thurstone the discoverer of Multiple Factor Analysis suggested that the factors, that is the eigenvectors, should be "rotated" to the center of these streaks to give a more meaningful interpretation of the axes (Thurstone 1947).  Dubbed "Rotation to Simple Structure" this quickly proved physically meaningful.  Today desktop computers utilizing commercial statistical programs perform thousands of these rotations automatically every day in factor analytic research, not only in Psychometry but in dozens of other Natural Science fields.  The consequence of rotation is that the eigenvectors, or factors, are no longer orthogonal or "independent" of one another.  This points to the existence of some higher order cause mutually influencing all 4 factors, causing them to correlate.  Because of  rotation to oblique, or curved structure, there is now a 4´4 matrix, which like the original 200´200 matrix, can be factored all over again to extract a new "higher order" eigenvector.  In Physics, curvature of the 4 spacetime axes is the cause of Gravity.  In psychometry, curvature of the 4 psychometry space axes is the cause of  "God", as we shall see in the sequel.
    As I stated above, Cattell never factored his 1975 experimental 4´4 3^rd order matrix to the 4^th order [1].  However, having found a theoretical explanation of the 4^th order factor, I sent Cattell's 4´4 correlation matrix to Drs. Paul Barrett and David Routh in England.  They factored the matrix using an SPXX computer program.  Sure enough, the 4^th order factor appeared.  The existence of God has been experimentally confirmed!
    Now, factor analysis only discovers factors it does not tell us what is causing them.  In this case however the direct biological cause is not hard to find.  The cause turns out to be something called the Secular Trend in human growth.  The Secular Trend is the name given to a now well known biological discovery made over 75 years ago, that Man is not fully grown (Tanner 1981, Dasgupta and Hauspie 2001).  In fact, it was discovered that Man is becoming more fully grown with each passing generation.  This effect is not genetic, it is due to the rising world standard of living, particularly nutrition.  At first it was noticed in increasing height.  It is frequently remarked that modern Man is so much taller than his ancestors that practically no modern soldier can fit into a Medieval suit of armor.  So dramatic and well established is the literature on this subject that a report on the Secular Trend has even made the front cover of Time Magazine (Steckel 1996).  Since the entire human body is growing larger, the brain is also getting larger, and this contributes to a rising level of  world intelligence (IQ) known as the Flynn Effect (Jensen 1998, 325, 318).  Intelligence is apparently rising at the rate of 3 IQ points per decade while height is currently rising several inches per century.  Obviously this can't continue forever and it is generally recognized that this is a sigmoidal or S-Curve that eventually will level off at 100% growth.  At that point Man will have reached his full theoretical (or genotypic) size.  Apparently, this final eventuality will occur thousands of years in the future.
    Meanwhile, the origin of this human growth deficit which the Secular Trend is slowly reducing, can be graphically diagramed on an individual human growth curve, Figure 1.